The Indian Head Buffalo Nickel, minted from 1913 to 1938, remains one of the most iconic and collectible coins in American numismatics. Designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser, this coin features a Native American profile on the obverse and an American bison on the reverse, symbolizing the nation’s heritage. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a beginner, understanding its history, varieties, and value can enhance your collection.
History and Design of the Indian Head Buffalo Nickel
The Buffalo Nickel was introduced to replace the Liberty Head Nickel, reflecting a shift toward more artistic coin designs. Fraser’s inspiration came from his experiences in the American West, with the Native American portrait reportedly modeled after several tribal leaders, including Iron Tail and Two Moons. The bison, named Black Diamond, was a resident of the Central Park Zoo in New York City.
📌 Note: The Buffalo Nickel is also known as the "Type 1" (1913-1938) and was later revived in 2001 as the "Type 2" for the Westward Journey Nickel Series.
Key Varieties and Rarities
Collectors prize certain Buffalo Nickels for their rarity and historical significance. Notable varieties include:
- 1913 Type 1: The first year of issue, highly sought after.
- 1916 Doubled Die: Shows a noticeable doubling on the date, a rare error.
- 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo: A famous variety where the bison appears to have only three legs due to a polishing error.
| Year | Mint Mark | Rarity |
|---|---|---|
| 1913 | None (Philadelphia) | Common |
| 1916 | None (Doubled Die) | Rare |
| 1937 | D (Denver) | Rare (Three-Legged) |
Grading and Value
The value of a Buffalo Nickel depends on its condition, rarity, and mint mark. Coins in mint state (MS) condition are highly valued, while those in circulated condition are more affordable. Key factors for grading include:
- Luster: Original mint shine.
- Strike: Sharpness of details.
- Wear: Absence of significant scratches or marks.
💡 Note: Always use a reputable grading service like PCGS or NGC to authenticate and grade your coins.
Tips for Collectors
To build a successful Buffalo Nickel collection:
- Focus on Key Dates: Start with common dates and gradually add rarities.
- Invest in Quality: Prioritize higher-grade coins for long-term value.
- Research: Stay informed about market trends and new discoveries.
Checklist for Collectors:
- Identify key dates and varieties.
- Use a magnifying glass to inspect details.
- Store coins in protective holders to preserve condition.
For those looking to buy or sell, platforms like eBay, Heritage Auctions, or local coin shops are excellent resources.
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What makes the 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo Nickel rare?
+A polishing error caused the bison to appear with only three legs, making it a highly sought-after variety.
How can I tell if my Buffalo Nickel is valuable?
+Check for key dates, mint marks, and condition. Rare varieties and higher grades significantly increase value.
Should I clean my Buffalo Nickel to improve its value?
+No, cleaning can damage the coin and reduce its value. Always consult a professional before cleaning.
The Indian Head Buffalo Nickel is more than just a coin; it’s a piece of American history. By understanding its varieties, grading, and market trends, collectors can build a meaningful and valuable collection. Whether you’re drawn to its artistic design or its historical significance, this coin continues to captivate enthusiasts worldwide. Happy collecting!
